Biophilic Design - The Basics
Biophilic design is a term used to describe the integration of natural elements into modern built environments. This design approach has become increasingly popular in recent years, as people have become more interested in creating spaces that promote health and wellbeing. An economic case for Biophilic Design has also been made as productivity levels are so much higher in spaces that have consciously integrated the natural elements. However, biophilic design is not a new concept. In fact, the idea of integrating natural elements into human-made spaces has been around for centuries.
The concept of biophilic design can be traced back to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who were known for their love of nature. They incorporated elements of nature into their architecture, such as courtyards and fountains, to create a sense of tranquility and beauty. In the 18th century, the English landscape designer, Capability Brown, created naturalistic landscapes that were designed to look like they had been shaped by nature. These landscapes were intended to promote relaxation and wellbeing.
In the 20th century, biophilic design began to take on a more scientific approach. In the 1980s, biologist Edward O. Wilson introduced the concept of biophilia, which refers to the innate human need to connect with nature. This idea led to the development of biophilic design principles, which are based on the idea that humans are happier and healthier when they are surrounded by nature. Today, biophilic design is used in a wide range of settings, from hospitals and offices to homes and public spaces.
The architectural firm Terrapin Bright Green has been at the forefront of the biophilic design movement and have researched and identified 14 Principles of Biophilic Design that can be used in any project:
Environmental features: incorporate natural elements like water and vegetation.
Natural shapes and forms: use biomorphic shapes and forms.
Natural patterns and processes: use patterns and processes that evoke nature.
Light and space: prioritize natural light and use dynamic and diffuse lighting.
Place-based relationships: design for the unique context of the location.
Evolved human-nature relationships: design with an understanding of human evolutionary history.
Biomorphic forms and patterns: incorporate natural shapes and colors.
Material connection with nature: use natural materials and textures.
Complexity and order: balance complexity and simplicity.
Prospect and refuge: provide open views as well as enclosed spaces.
Risk and peril: design spaces that provide a sense of risk and danger.
Biophilic aesthetic: use a design aesthetic that involves natural forms and features.
Symbolic and cultural meaning: incorporate symbols and meanings that relate to the natural world.
Nature of the space: design spaces that are dynamic and change over time.
These principles can be used to guide the design of a wide range of spaces, from homes and offices to public spaces and commercial buildings.
While there are now decades of research highlighting the exciting impacts of Biophilic Design on our health and lifestyle, the movement is truly just gaining ground and there are endless possibilities of where we can go.